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LETTER 44（第1页）

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LETTER44

CHARLESLAMBTOROBERTSOUTHEY

March15th，1799.

DearSouthey，—Ihavereceivedyourlittlevolume，forwhichIthankyou，thoughIdonotentirelyapproveofthissortofintercourse，wherethepresentsarealloneside.IhavereadthelastEclogueagainwithgreatpleasure.Ithathgainedconsiderablybyabridgment，andnowIthinkitwantsnothingbutenlargement.YouwillcallthisoneoftyrantProcrustescriticisms，tocutandpullsotohisownstandard;buttheoldladyissogreatafavouritewithme，Iwanttohearmoreofher;andof"Joanna"youhavegivenusstillless.Butthepictureoftherusticsleaningoverthebridge，andtheoldladytravellingabroadonasummereveningtoseehergardenwatered，areimagessonewandtrue，thatIdecidedlypreferthis"RuindCottage"toanypoeminthebook.IndeedIthinkittheonlyonethatwillbearparisonwithyour"HymntothePenates"inaformervolume.

Iparedissimilarthings，asonewouldaroseandastarforthepleasuretheygiveus，orasachildsoonlearnstochoosebetweenacakeandarattle;fordissimilarshavemostlysomepointsofparison.Thenextbestpoem，Ithink，istheFirstEclogue;tisveryplete，andaboundinginlittlepicturesandrealities.TheremainderEclogues，exceptingonlythe"Funeral，"Idonotgreatlyadmire.Imissone，whichhadatleastasgoodatitletopublicationasthe"Witch，"orthe"SailorsMother."Youcallditthe"LastoftheFamily."The"OldWomanofBerkeley"esnext;insomehumoursIwouldgiveitthepreferenceaboveany.ButwhothedevilisMatthewofWestminster?Youareasfamiliarwiththeseantiquatedmonastics，asSwedenborg，or，ashisfollowersaffecttocallhim，theBaron，withhisinvisibles.ButyouhaveraisedaveryiceffectoutofthetruenarrativeofMatthewofWestminster.Tissurprisingwithhowlittleadditionyouhavebeenabletoconvertwithsolittlealterationhisincidents，meantforterror，intocircumstancesandfoodforthespleen.TheParodyisnotsosuccessful;ithasonefamouslineindeed，whichconveysthefinestdeath-bedimageIevermetwith:

"Thedoctorwhisperdthenurse，andthesurgeonknewwhathesaid."

Buttheofferingthebridethreetimesbearsnottheslightestanalogyorproportiontothefiendishnoisesthreetimesheard!In"Jaspar，"thecircumstanceofthegreatlightisveryaffecting.ButIhadheardyoumentionitbefore.The"Rose"istheonlyinsipidpieceinthevolume;ithathneitherthornsnorsweetness，and，besides，setsallchronologyandprobabilityatdefiance.

"CousinMargaret，"youknow，Ilike.Theallusionstothe"PilgrimsProgress"areparticularlyhappy，andharmonisetacitlyanddelicatelywitholdcousinsandaunts.Tofamiliarfaceswedoassociatefamiliarscenesandaccustomedobjects;butwhathathApollidonandhissea-nymphstodointheseaffairs?ApollyonIcouldhaveborne，thoughhestandsforthedevil;butwhoisApollidon?Ithinkyouaretooapttoconcludefaintly，withsomecoldmoral，asintheendofthepoemcalled"TheVictory"—

"Bethouherforter，whoartthewidowsfriend;"

asinglemon-placelineoffort，whichbearsnoproportioninweightornumbertothemanylineswhichdescribesuffering.Thisistoconvertreligionintomediocrefeelings，whichshouldburn，andglow，andtremble.Amoralshouldbewroughtintothebodyandsoul，thematterandtendency，ofapoem，nottaggedtotheend，likea"Godsendthegoodshipintoharbour，"attheconclusionofourbillsoflading.Thefinishingofthe"Sailor"isalsoimperfect.Anydissentingministermaysayanddoasmuch.

Theseremarks，Iknow，arecrudeandunwrought;butIdonotlayclaimtomuchaccuratethinking.Ineverjudgesystem-wiseofthings，butfastenuponparticulars.Afterall，thereisagreatdealinthebookthatImust，fortime，leaveunmentioned，todeservemythanksforitsownsake，aswellasforthefriendlyremembrancesimpliedinthegift.Iagainreturnyoumythanks.

PraypresentmylovetoEdith.C.L.

[SoutheyslittlevolumewasVol.II.ofthesecondeditionofhisPoems，publishedin1799.ThelastoftheEnglishEcloguesincludedinitwas"TheRuinedCottage，"slightlyalteredfromtheversionreferredtoinletter38.The"HymntothePenates"broughtthefirstvolumeofthiseditiontoaclose.ThefirstEcloguewas"TheOldMansionHouse.""TheOldWomanofBerkeley"wascalled"ABalladshowinghowanOldWomanrodedoubleandwhorodebeforeher."Itwasprecededbyalong"ationinLatinfromMatthewofWestminster.MatthewofWestminsteristheimaginarynamegiventotheunknownauthorsofachroniclecalledFlaresHistoriarum，belongingprobablytothefifteenthcentury.TheParodywas"TheSurgeonsWarning，"whichbeginswiththetwolinesthatLambprintsasone:—

TheDoctorwhisperdtotheNurse，

AndtheSurgeonknewwhathesaid.

"TheRose"wasblankverse，addressedtoEdithSouthey."CousinMargaret"wasa"MetricalLetterWrittenfromLondon，"inwhichthereareallusionstoBunyan.ThereferencetoApollidonisexplainedbytheselines:—

TheSylphsshouldwaftustosomegoodlyisle，

LikethatwherewhilomeoldApollidon

Builtuphisblamelessspell.]

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